The 9440-8i is an advanced RAID card designed for data center and enterprise applications. It provides excellent storage performance and reliability, providing strong support for users' storage solutions.   This RAID card uses advanced technology, including SAS 12Gb/s interface and PCIe 3.0 x8 host interface, to provide excellent transfer speed and responsiveness. It supports RAID levels 0, 1, 5, 10 and 50, allowing for flexible storage configuration according to user needs. Whether it is high-performance data transmission or data redundancy protection, 9440-8i can meet the needs of various application scenarios.   How to install megaraid 9440-8i raid card correctly? 1. Open the package and carefully check whether the device is damaged. 2. Prepare the computer and shut down the computer. 3. Remove the cover from the chassis. 4. Check the bracket for installing the equipment. 5. Insert the adapter into an available PCIe slot. 6. Connect the cables between the controller and the backplane or storage device. 7. Make sure the system provides the required airflow to the controller. 8. Replace the housing and reconnect any wires and cables. 9. Select the correct storage interface configuration file.   The best choice to improve storage performance! In stock, the original megaraid sas 9440-8i RAID card helps you create an efficient storage environment and have a worry-free storage experience at your fingertips!    STOR Technology Limited provides you with high-quality Raid Card, HBA Card, Hard Disk Drive, etc. We provide you with higher-quality services and assured after-sales service. Welcome to visit us and discuss related products with us. Our website: https://www.cloudstorserver.com/ Contact us: alice@storservers.com / +86-755-83677183

The MCX512A-ACAT is designed for data center and enterprise applications. This network card uses advanced technology and innovative design to provide superior performance and reliability, providing an excellent solution for users' storage and networking needs.   The MCX512A-ACAT integrates a high-speed transmission interface, supports multi-port connectivity and parallel transmission, and can quickly handle large-scale data transfer and storage tasks. Its advanced data processing capabilities enable users to efficiently manage and access storage devices while achieving optimal data transfer speeds.   In addition, the MCX512A-ACAT offers excellent reliability and stability. Advanced fault tolerance technology is adopted, which can effectively deal with hardware failure and data loss to ensure data security and integrity. This makes it ideal for enterprise-class storage systems and data centers that meet stringent requirements for high availability and data protection.   Whether in virtualized environments or traditional physical server environments, the MCX512A-ACAT provides superior performance and stability, bringing greater efficiency and reliability to users' storage and network traffic management.   In summary, the MCX512A-ACAT provides an excellent solution for users' storage and networking needs through its outstanding performance, reliability and compatibility. Whether it is a large data center or an enterprise-class storage environment, the card can play an important role in improving the efficiency of data processing and transmission, creating a better work experience for users.   Contact us, to provide you with the best choice and solution, the factory price and three years warranty, is your most secure choice.

Currently, there are four main interfaces supported :IDE, SCSI, SATA and SAS.   The IDE interface is the standard interface for ordinary PCS.   SCSI: small computer system interface, and SCSI is not specifically designed for the hard disk interface, a wide range of applications, low CPU usage, mainly used for servers.   SATA: Serial port is better and faster, the main PC, the use of SATA(Serial ATA) port hard disk is also called serial hard disk, is the mainstream of the current PC hard disk, serial ATA bus uses embedded clock signal, has a stronger error correction ability, improve the reliability of data transmission.The serial interface also has the advantages of simple structure and hot swap support.   SAS: SAS is a new generation of SCSI technology, which uses serial technology to obtain higher transmission speed, and SAS interface technology can be backward compatible with SATA. Due to the compatibility of SAS systems, IT personnel can use hard disks with different interfaces to meet the capacity or performance needs of various applications.   Some RAID cards support multiple interfaces. For example, the 9400-16i supports SAS and SATA interfaces.Contact us, to provide you with the best choice and solution, the factory price and three years warranty, is your most secure choice.   Data backup has never been easier, and RAID cards protect your important data so you don't have to worry. Buy now and enjoy stability and peace of mind!  

This article mainly introduces the difference between SAS and SATA in hard disk drive (HDD). SAS's interface technology is backward compatible with SATA. Specifically, they are mainly compatible at the physical layer and protocol layer.   At the physical layer, the SAS interface and the SATA interface are fully compatible, and SATA hard drives can be used directly in a SAS environment. In terms of interface, the SAS controller can directly control SATA hard drives, but SAS cannot be used directly in a SATA environment because the SATA controller cannot control SAS hard drives.   SAS consists of three types of protocols at the protocol layer, and depending on the connected device, the corresponding protocol is used for data transmission. Serial SCSI protocol is used to send SCSI commands. SCSI management protocols are used to maintain and manage attached devices. The SATA channel protocol is used to transmit data between SAS and SATA.   In terms of price, SAS hard drives (such as ST8000NM001A SAS 8TB) are generally more expensive than SATA (such as HUS728T8TALE6L4 8TB SATA) hard drives. The rotation speed of SATA hard disk is between 5400 and 7200. SAS hard drives are basically 10,000 rpm or 15,000 rpm and are equipped with rotational vibration compensation to ensure data accuracy, so they have higher reliability. SAS hard drives are used in applications where data volume is large and data availability is extremely critical.   SATA is a great technology to have in your computer if you're storing information that you don't need to use on a regular basis. Contact us, to provide you with the best choice and solution, the factory price and three years warranty, is your most secure choice.

For parity RAID, after the RAID parameters are set on the RAID card and the RAID Settings are applied, all the disks in the RAID array need to be initialized. The time required is related to the number and size of the disks. The larger the disk, the more there are, and the longer it will take. Consider: What does a RAID card write to disk? You can think about a new disk just out of the factory, is there any data on it? Yes. What data? It's either all zeros or all ones. Here, all zeros refer to the actual data part, except for some special positions such as sector headers. Because the magnetic region on the disk has two states, either the n-pole or the S-pole. So that means it's either 0 or 1, and there can't be a third state. So what about these 0's or 1's? Of course, these magnetic regions don't have a chaotic state between 0 and 1. If we do RAID5 with a few disks, but do not change any data on the disks, let's see what state we will be in at this point, say 5 disks, 4 data disk space, 1 parity disk space, on the same strip, 4 data blocks, 1 parity block, and all the data on the blocks are all 0, then if we calculate RAID5, It's true, because 0 XOR 0 XOR 0 XOR 0 XOR 0 XOR 0=0, right. If you start with all 1's, then similarly 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1=1, also true. However, if RAID5 is made of 6 disks, and the initial values are all 1, the situation is contradictory. 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 =0, in which case the correct result would be that the parity block is 0, but the initial disk is all 1, and the parity block data is also 1, which contradicts the calculation. If the initialization process doesn't make any changes to disk and we just write data, for example, we write a piece of data to the second extend, changing 1 to 0, and then the controller validates the data according to the formula: parity data for new data = (old data EOR new data) EOR. (1EOR 0) EOR1=0, and the new parity is 0, so the final data looks like this: 1 XOR 0 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1. We figured it out to be equal to 1, but the RAID controller figured it out to be 0, so there's a contradiction. Why did you make this mistake? That's because the RAID controller didn't start with a proper data relationship in the first place, and the parity data of the parity block was inconsistent with the data block at the beginning, which led to more and more errors. So after the RAID controller is set up and enabled, in the process of initialization, it needs to write 0 or 1 for each sector of the disk, and then calculate the correct parity bit, or do not change the data of the data block, directly use these existing data, recalc the parity block data of all strips. On this basis, new incoming data will not be misrepresented. Tip: For products such as NetApp, RAID groups do not need to be initialized and are available immediately. Even adding disks to a RAID group that already has data does not cause any additional IO. Because it will reset all Spare disks, that is, send a Zero Unit SCSI instruction to the disk, and the disk will automatically perform the zero. For RAID groups made from these disks, there is no validation and therefore no initialization, or waiting for the disks to clear to zero.   Unleash the power of data! Classic reliability, innovative evolution - RAID Card brings you beyond imagination performance and reliability. Whether you are an individual user, an enterprise, or a data center, our RAID cards will provide you with unparalleled data protection and high-speed transfer. STOR Technology Limited provides original and new cloud storage products, such as megaraid sas 9341 8i, lsi 9361 8i 2gb, lsi megaraid 9460 8i, etc., welcome to consult.

The RAID controller has two options for handling upper-level write IO, as follows:   1.WriteBack mode: when the data is sent from the upper layer, the RAID controller will inform the host that I0 has completed immediately after saving it in the cache, so that the host can execute the next IO without waiting. At this time, the data is in the cache of the RAID controller card, but not really written to the disk, which plays a buffer role. The RAID controller waits for the time to be idle and either writes to disk one by one, or writes to disk in bulk, or queues the IO (similar to the queuing technique on disk) for some optimization algorithm to write to disk efficiently. Because the disk write speed is slow, the RAID controller in this case deceives the host, but gains high speed, which is "keep the easy to the top, keep the trouble to yourself." This has a fatal shortcoming, that is, once the power fails unexpectedly, the data in the cache on the RAID card will all be lost, and at this time the host thinks that IO has completed, so the upper and lower layers will produce inconsistency, the consequences will be very serious. As a result, critical applications such as databases have their own measures of consistency. Because of this, the high-end RAID card needs to use the battery to protect the cache, so that in the case of accidental power down, the battery can continue to power the cache to ensure that the data is not lost. When powered up again, the RAID card will first write the outstanding IO from the cache to disk. 2.WriteThrough mode: This is the writethrough mode, i.e., the top IO. Only after the data has actually been written to disk by the RAID controller will the host be notified of the completion of IO, which ensures high reliability. In this case, the cache's speedup is no longer beneficial, but its buffering is still effective. In addition to being a write cache, the read cache is also very important. Caching is a complex subject and has a complex mechanism, one of which is called PreFctch, or prefetching, which reads data on disk that are "likely" to be accessed by the host next into the cache before the host has issued a read IO request. How do we calculate the possibility? In fact, it is considered that the next time the host IO, there is a large rate of children will read the data in the disk location adjacent to the data read this time. This assumption is very useful for IO sequential reads, such as reading data that is logically contiguous, such as FTP large file transfer services, video on demand services, and so on, which are large file reading applications. On the other hand, if many small files are also stored contiguously on disk, caching will greatly improve performance, because reading small files requires a high IOPS, and without caching, it will take a long time to rely on the head seek to complete IO each time. There is also a caching algorithm, which is not based on prefetching, but on the assumption that the next time the host does IO, it may also read the data from the last or several (recent) reads. This assumption is completely different from prefetching. After the RAID controller reads a piece of data into the cache, if the data is changed by the host's write IO, the controller does not immediately write it to disk for storage. It stays in the cache, because it assumes that the host may read the data again in the near future. Then there is no need to write to disk and delete the cache, and then wait for the host to read, and then read from the disk to the cache, it is better to static brake, simply stay in the cache, wait for the host to "toss" the frequency is not high, then write to disk. Tips：Medium and high end RAID cards generally have more than 256MB of RAM as cache. Unleash the power of RAID Experience high performance data storage with our advanced RAID cards. Trust our 10 + years of expertise.STOR Technology Limited will also provide you with a large number of original high-performance products, such as: lsi 9480 8i8e, lsi 9361 4i, lsi 9341 8i and so on, three-year warranty and unsurpassed factory price to reduce your concerns.

This time let's talk about ROC technology and memory on RAID cards. RAID On Chip (ROC) technology ROC technology is a kind of cheap RAID technology which is put forward by Adaptec company. It uses the CPU processing chip in the SCSI card and realizes by adding RAID code into the ROM of the SCSI card. In 2001, Adaptec demonstrated its iROC technology, and in 2003 it was launched as HOStRAID. iROc is RAID on Chip, essentially is to use the RISC processor inside the SCSI control chip to complete some simple RAID types (RAID0, 1, 0+1). Because RAID0, 1 and 0+1 need small amount of computation, they can also be realized by using RISC processor in SCSI controller. With ROM code, RAID0, 1, or 0+1 implemented by iROC has boot capability and can support hot backup. In entry-level tower servers and 1U rack-mounted servers, SCSI control chips are often integrated on the motherboard, but stand-alone RAID cards are not standard. The starting point of iROC is to provide these systems with basic hardware data protection, and to purchase standalone RAID cards when more complex RAID5 is required. The emergence of iROC adds a simple option to the data protection scheme of low-end server products. The main disadvantage of iROC or HOStRAID is the poor operating system compatibility and performance, because there is no special RAID computing processor, so using this configuration of RAID will reduce the performance of the server system to a certain extent, and it only supports RAID 0, 1, 0+1, can only support a few SCSI disk RAID. Compared with IDERAID0, 1, and 0+1, the HOStRAID technology has similar features at a much higher cost. In addition, the Hostraid technology is bound to face competition at the lower end from the newer and better performance S-ATARAID. Memory on a RAID card The memory on the RAID card has two functions: data cache and code execution memory. RAM is required to execute the code on the CPU of the RAID card. If the code is read directly from ROM, the speed will be greatly affected. Therefore, the RAM of the RAID card has a fixed address segment for storing the code executed by the CPU. Most of this space is used for the data cache described below. Caching, or buffer memory, is all that is needed to buffer between the two sides of the communication. We know that between CPU and memory is L2Cache, which is higher than memory RAM speed, but not as high as CPU speed. Similarly, a cache is required between the RAID controller and the disk channel controller to fit in, because the RAID controller can process much faster than the channel controller can collect data outgoing from the connected disks on the channel. This cache does not need to use a high-speed circuit like L2Cache, and RAM is sufficient. RAM is fast enough for both. In addition to accommodating chip communication at different rates, cache RAM also serves to buffer data. For example, if the upper layer makes a 10 request, the RAID controller can queue the request in the cache and execute it one by one, or optimize the IO, merge one by one, and concurrency one by one. Experience unparalleled performance - industry-leading RAID cards from a team of professionals with over 10 years of experience. Discover the precision of original high performance products and services! A large number of raid cards can be provided, such as: megaraid 9341, lsi 9361 8i raid controller 05-25420-08, RAID 940-32i 4y37a09733, etc. Welcome to consult.

Today we will talk about the initialization and configuration process of RAID cards as well as 0-channel RAID cards and driderless Raid cards RAID card initialization and configuration process The so-called initialization is to say that after the system is powered on, the CPU executes the first instruction on the specific address of the system bus, which is the address of the motherboard BIOS chip. The BIOS chip contains the first instructions for the CPU to execute, and the CPU executes them one by one until, at a certain point, an instruction tells the CPU to address the ROM addresses of other devices on the bus (if any). That is to say, after the system is powered on, the CPU will always execute the program code in the ROM of the SCSI card on the device to initialize the card. Initialization involves checking the card model, manufacturer, and scanning all SCSI buses on the card to identify each device and display it on the display. In the process of initialization, you can enter the BIOS of the SCSI card itself as the motherboard BIOS setting, setting content including check each connected to the SCSI bus device capacity, manufacturer, status, SCSIID and LUNID and so on. 0 channel RAID card A 0-channel RAID card is also called a RAID child card. 0-channel means that there is no SCSI channel in the backend of the card. After the child card is inserted into the PCI slot of the host, it can use the SCSI cards already integrated on the motherboard or already plugged into the PCI to control their channels, so as to realize RAID. This 0-channel child card is also inserted into a PCI card, but it needs to use the motherboard for 0-channel child card specially designed logic circuit, external and SCSI controller to form a RAID card to use, but this card is physically divided into two PCI slots. On a specific PCI slot on the motherboard, there is an ICR logic circuit that intercepts the address signals sent by the CPU and the interrupt signals sent to the CPU. CPU sent here originally used to control the SCSI controller address signals, are now all redirected by the ICR circuit to RAID daughter card, including the motherboard BIOS initial loading ROM, is not loaded into the SCSI card ROM, but into the RAID daughter card ROM. RAID cards completely replaced SCSI cards for the host system. The communication between RAID card and SCSI controller, including address information and data information, needs to occupy the PCI bus, which causes some performance loss. Communication between RAID daughter cards and SCSI cards is not redirected by ICR circuits. No Drive Raid card PhotoFast has designed a Riad card that is quite innovative. The traditional Raid card uses PCIX or PCIE bus to connect to the computer, but the PhotoFast Raid card uses SATA interface to connect to the computer, that is, the Raid card connects multiple physical disks into a number of virtual disks. And connect these disks to the computer through the SATA interface, and the computer thinks that it is connected to multiple SATA physical disks. This way, the Raid card can be used by most operating systems without any driver (most operating systems come with a SATA controller driver). If you have any questions, please consult and answer them at any time. STOR Technology Limited also offers a wide range of original high-performance products, such as megaraid sas 9341 8i, lsi 9361 8i 2gb, lsi megaraid 9460 8i, and more.

Today let's continue to talk about the structure of the raid card. RAID card with CPU seems to be a small computer system, has its own CPU, memory, ROM, bus and IO interface, but this small computer is to serve the big computer. It is important to include the SCSI controller on the SCSI RAID card, because the physical SCSI disks are still attached to the back end. Its front end is connected to the PCI bus of the host, so there must be a PCI bus controller to maintain the PCI bus arbitration, data sending and receiving functions. Also need to have a ROM, is generally used as a Flash chip ROM, which stores the initialization of the RAID card necessary code and the implementation of the RAID function required code. The role of RAM, first of all, is as a data cache to improve performance; Secondly, it is the memory space required by the CPU on the RAID card to perform RAID operations. XOR chip is specially used to do parity data calculation of RAID3, 5, 6 and so on. Letting the CPU do the validation would require code execution, which would take many cycles. However, if a dedicated digital circuit is used directly, the result is obtained immediately as soon as it is in and out. Therefore, in order to get rid of the CPU, the circuit module specially used for XOR operation is added, which greatly increases the speed of data check calculation. The difference between RAID card and SCSI card is the RAID function, the other is not too different. A RAID card is called a multi-channel RAID card if there are multiple SCSI channels on it. At present, the SCSI RAID card has up to 4 channels, and its back end can be connected to 4 SCSI buses, so up to 64 SCSI devices (16 bit bus) can be connected. With the addition of RAID functionality, the SCSI controller becomes a puppet of the RAID program code and does whatever the RAID tells it to do. The SCSI controller is fully aware of the disks under its control and communicates with the RAID application code. Once the RAID code knows which disks are in the SCSI controller's hands, it can adjust the RAID code to use ROM options such as RAID type, strip size, and so on, instructing its dummy SCSI controller to report "virtual" logical disks to the host instead of all physical disks. Hint: RAID has a concept of striping in mind. By striping, we don't really mean dividing the disk into bars and strips as in low-level formatting. This striping is all "in the mind," that is, in the program code. Because once the position and size of the strip are set, they are fixed. An LBA address block on a virtual disk corresponds to one or more LBA blocks on the real disk, and these mappings are predefined through the configuration interface. And a certain RAID algorithm is often embodied in some complex formulas, rather than using a table to record the corresponding LBA of each virtual disk and physical disk, so the efficiency will be poor. After each 10 arrives, RAID has to query this table to obtain the LBA of the corresponding physical disk, and the query speed is very slow, let alone in the face of such a large table. If we use a functional relationship formula between logical LBA and physical LBA to do the operation, the speed is very fast. Because mapping is performed entirely by formula, no flags are ever written to the physical disk to mark the so-called strips. The concept of a strip is only logical and does not exist physically. Therefore, the concept of strip only "memory" in the RAID program code can be, to change is to change the program code can be. The only thing that needs to be written to the disk is some RAID information, so that even if the disk is removed and placed on another RAID card of the same model, the previously made RAID information can be correctly recognized. The SNIA association has defined a standard format of DDFRAID information, requiring all RAID card manufacturers to store RAID information in accordance with this standard, so that all RAID cards are common. After striding, the RAID application code directs the SCSI controller to submit a virtualized "virtual disk" or "logical disk," or simply a LUN, to the OS-level driver code. 1. Structure of a RAID card RAID card with CPU seems to be a small computer system, has its own CPU, memory, ROM, bus and IO interface, but this small computer is to serve the big computer. It is important to include the SCSI controller on the SCSI RAID card, because the physical SCSI disks are still attached to the back end. Its front end is connected to the PCI bus of the host, so there must be a PCI bus controller to maintain the PCI bus arbitration, data sending and receiving functions. Also need to have a ROM, is generally used as a Flash chip ROM, which stores the initialization of the RAID card necessary code and the implementation of the RAID function required code. The role of RAM, first of all, is as a data cache to improve performance; Secondly, it is the memory space required by the CPU on the RAID card to perform RAID operations. XOR chip is specially used to do parity data calculation of RAID3, 5, 6 and so on. Letting the CPU do the validation would require code execution, which would take many cycles. However, if a dedicated digital circuit is used directly, the result is obtained immediately as soon as it is in and out. Therefore, in order to get rid of the CPU, the circuit module specially used for XOR operation is added, which greatly increases the speed of data check calculation. The difference between RAID card and SCSI card is the RAID function, the other is not too different. A RAID card is called a multi-channel RAID card if there are multiple SCSI channels on it. At present, the SCSI RAID card has up to 4 channels, and its back end can be connected to 4 SCSI buses, so up to 64 SCSI devices (16 bit bus) can be connected. With the addition of RAID functionality, the SCSI controller becomes a puppet of the RAID program code and does whatever the RAID tells it to do. The SCSI controller is fully aware of the disks under its control and communicates with the RAID application code. Once the RAID code knows which disks are in the SCSI controller's hands, it can adjust the RAID code to use ROM options such as RAID type, strip size, and so on, instructing its dummy SCSI controller to report "virtual" logical disks to the host instead of all physical disks. Hint: RAID has a concept of striping in mind. By striping, we don't really mean dividing the disk into bars and strips as in low-level formatting. This striping is all "in the mind," that is, in the program code. Because once the position and size of the strip are set, they are fixed. An LBA address block on a virtual disk corresponds to one or more LBA blocks on the real disk, and these mappings are predefined through the configuration interface. And a certain RAID algorithm is often embodied in some complex formulas, rather than using a table to record the corresponding LBA of each virtual disk and physical disk, so the efficiency will be poor. After each 10 arrives, RAID has to query this table to obtain the LBA of the corresponding physical disk, and the query speed is very slow, let alone in the face of such a large table. If we use a functional relationship formula between logical LBA and physical LBA to do the operation, the speed is very fast. Because mapping is performed entirely by formula, no flags are ever written to the physical disk to mark the so-called strips. The concept of a strip is only logical and does not exist physically. Therefore, the concept of strip only "memory" in the RAID program code can be, to change is to change the program code can be. The only thing that needs to be written to the disk is some RAID information, so that even if the disk is removed and placed on another RAID card of the same model, the previously made RAID information can be correctly recognized. The SNIA association has defined a standard format of DDFRAID information, requiring all RAID card manufacturers to store RAID information in accordance with this standard, so that all RAID cards are common. After striding, the RAID application code directs the SCSI controller to submit a virtualized "virtual disk" or "logical disk," or simply a LUN, to the OS-level driver code. We through several articles detailed introduction of raid card, I believe you have a deeper understanding of raid card. If you have a lot of questions about server accessories, storage, then welcome to consult, it is my pleasure to answer your questions. STOR Technology Limited will also provide you with a large number of original high-performance products, such as: lsi 9480 8i8e, lsi 9361 4i, lsi 9341 8i and so on, three-year warranty and unsurpassed factory price to reduce your concerns.

Software RAID has three disadvantages: ① it takes up memory space; ② occupy CPU resources; Software RAID programs cannot make the disk partition on which the operating system is installed into RAID mode. Because the RAID program runs on top of the operating system, the RAID functionality cannot be implemented until the operating system is booted. In other words, if the operating system is corrupted, the RAID program will not run, and the data on the disk will become a bunch of useless stuff. Because the data on the RAID disk can only be recognized and read and write correctly by the program that implements the corresponding RAID algorithm. If there is no corresponding RAID program, the data on the physical disk is just a few fragments, and only the RAID program can combine these fragments. Fortunately, most of the current RAID program will store their own algorithm information on the disk, once the operating system has a problem, or the host hardware has a problem, you can connect these disks to other machines, and then install the same RAID software. After the RAID software has read the RAID information stored in a fixed area on the hard disk, it can continue to use it. Software RAID has so many shortcomings that people are constantly thinking about more methods to implement RAID. Since software has so many drawbacks, what about hardware? RAID card is a method to implement RAID function with independent hardware. To realize RAID function in hardware, we must find a physical hardware as a carrier, SCSI card or motherboard on the south bridge is undoubtedly the carrier. Extra chips have been added to SCSI cards to implement RAID functions. These chips are specially used to execute RAID algorithm, can be ASIC such as high cost and high speed computing chip, can also be general instruction CPU such as general code execution chip, code can be loaded from ROM directly to execute, can also be loaded into RAM before execution, so as to realize RAID function. A RAID card (SCSI card or IDE expansion card) is called a RAID card. Similarly, the RAID function can also be implemented on the south bridge chip of the motherboard. Because the chips in the south bridge cannot rely on the CPU to perform their functions, these chips rely entirely on the circuit logic to operate on their own, and although they are fast, they are less powerful than the plug-in RAID cards. From some motherboard advertising can be seen, such as the so-called "onboard" RAID chip is the guide bridge to realize the RAID function of the chip. In this way, the operating system does not need to make any changes, in addition to the RAID card driver does not need to install any additional software, you can directly identify the virtual disk has been generated by RAID processing. For software RAID, the operating system to the actual perception in the bottom or at least the physical disk, but for the hardware RAID, the operating system cannot perceive the underlying physical disk, only by the manufacturer to provide a RAID card management software to view your card is connected on a physical disk. Also, when configuring a RAID card, it cannot be done in the operating system, but must be done by entering the hardware (or by using the RAID card configuration tool in the operating system). General RAID card is in the boot self test, into its ROM configuration program to configure a variety of RAID functions. RAID cards overcome the shortcomings of software RAID, so that the operating system itself can be installed on top of the RAID virtual disk, which is not possible with software RAID. Later I will also discuss the relevant knowledge of raid card from multiple dimensions. If you have any questions about storage technology, welcome to consult and answer your questions wholeheartedly. With more than 10 years of professional experience, STOR Technology Limited can also let you experience the original high-performance products at the factory price, such as: megaraid 9460-16i, megaraid 9560-8i, sas 9300-16i and so on. Contact us now！

Today we are going to talk about RAID implementation and configuration in the operating system. Some people write programs directly on the host, running at the bottom of the operating system, the physical disk submitted from the host SCSI or IDE controller, using the idea of seven stars Beidou, virtual into various modes of virtual disk, and then submitted to the upper program interface, such as volume management program. These programs use a configuration tool that lets you choose which disks to combine and form which type of RAID. For example, if two IDE disks and four SCSI disks are installed on a machine, the IDE hard disk is connected directly to the IDE interface integrated with the motherboard, and the SCSI disk is connected to a PCI interface SCSI card. In the absence of RAID program to participate in the conditions, the system can identify six disks, and after the file system format, mount to a disk letter or directory, for the program to read and write. After installing the RAID program, the user through the configuration interface, the first two IDE disks made a RAID 0 system. If the original IDE disk is 80GB, then RAID 0 will become a 160GB "virtual" disk. Then the user makes a RAID5 system with 4 SCSI disks. If the original SCSI disk capacity is 73GB, the capacity of the virtual disk after making the 4 disks into RAID5 will be about 3 disks, that is, 216GB. Of course, because the RAID program needs to use part of the disk space to store some RAID information, the actual capacity will be smaller. After being processed by the RAID program, these six magnets eventually become two virtual disks. If you are on the Widows system, opening Disk Manager will only show you two hard drives, one with a capacity of 160GB (drive 1) and the other with a capacity of 219GB(drive 2). The disks can then be formatted, for example, to an NTFS filesystem. The formatter has no sense that more than one physical hard disk is writing data. For example, the formatter may at some point issue a command to write data from memory start address so and so to disk 1 (a RAID 0 virtual drive consisting of two IDE disks) at LBA start address 10000 and length 128. The RAID program will intercept this command and analyze it. Disk 1 is a RAID 0 system, so the data of 128 sectors starting from LBA10000 will be calculated by the RAID engine, and the logical LBA will be corresponding to the physical LBA of the physical disk, and the corresponding data will be written to the physical disk. Once written, the formatter receives a signal that the write was successful and moves on to the next IO. After this process, the upper layer is completely unaware of the details of the underlying physical disk. The same is true for other forms of RAID, but the algorithms are more complex. But even though the complex algorithm, after CPU operation, it is thousands of times faster than the disk read and write speed. Tips: To ensure performance, only the same type of disk can be used for the same disk group, although it can also be designed to IDE magnetic Disk and SCSI disk are combined to form a virtual disk, but it is not designed this way unless specifically required. If you have any technical questions about storage, please contact me. I will be happy to answer your questions and provide you with original and new high-performance raid cards such as megaraid 9540 8i. hba card: such as LSI 9500 16i , LSI 9500 16e. 3 years warranty with high quality factory price, provide maximum security for you.

LSI 9460-16i is a RAID controller card. Its specifications and advantages have been introduced to you before. Next, I will briefly describe its application and precautions: Application: Enterprise Storage Environment: Megaraid 9460-16i is suitable for storage solutions in medium to large enterprise environments. Because it supports multiple internal SAS/SATA ports, it can manage large-capacity internal disk arrays and provide reliable data storage and high-performance access for enterprises. Data center environment: In the data center, the 9460-16i can scale storage capacity and provide high performance data storage and access. It can support multiple storage devices, and has a powerful RAID function to ensure data integrity and availability. Virtualized environments: For virtualized environments, the megaraid sas 9460-16i provides high performance and reliable storage management. It supports the storage requirements of multiple virtual machines and enables appropriate RAID configuration as needed to ensure the stability and performance of the virtualized environment. Notes: Compatibility: When choosing an LSI 9460-16i 05-50011-00, make sure it is compatible with your server or storage device. Check the manufacturer's compatibility list to confirm that the RAID controller you choose is compatible with your system's hardware and software environment. Cold and hot backups: To ensure data security and high availability, consider configuring cold or hot backups. Cold backup is to keep a backup disk array to back up data, and hot backup is to generate backup copies in real time to provide fast recovery. These policies help mitigate the risk of hardware failure or data loss. Regular monitoring and Maintenance: It is important to regularly monitor the condition of the LSI 9460-16i controller and disk array. Checking logs, performing disk checks, and updating firmware and drivers in a timely manner are key steps to ensure controller stability and performance. Data backup: Although the RAID controller provides some level of data protection, it is still recommended to take regular data backup. Data loss can occur due to RAID controller failure, multiple disk failure, and accidental deletion. Therefore, it is very important to back up your data regularly. The above is the general application and precautions. Specific applications and considerations may vary depending on your environment and requirements. Of course, we will be happy to answer your questions, and believe that with STOR Technology Limited professional experience and strength, we can provide you with the required high-performance products.